Probation And Parole And Juvenile Offenders Essay

Probation and parole were unknown concepts until the early 19th century. Just over one-hundred years old, the emphasis has moved from the offender to concern for the welfare of the community, altogether public safety. Probation and parole accommodates the offender by allowing them to reenter or remain in society, while they serve their sentences. Today, the probation and parole agencies in the United States handle millions and only sixty percent of probationers complete their obligations successfully. Fifteen percent of parolees eventually return to prison, suggesting that there is success in the probation and parole system. The goals of corrections include punishment, rehabilitation and deterrence of crime; supervision of criminals and preparing offenders for re-entry into society. Corrections also aim to prevent recidivism or relapse of criminal behavior as well as reducing delinquency and violence in communities. The first probation officers were expected to provide moral lead ership to their probationers, helping them shape positive attitudes, behaviors toward family and religion, how they use their free time, along with gaining employment. There has been enormous change in the philosophy and practice of sentencing and corrections over the last twenty years. The historical changes in sentencing and corrections policies are characterized in four major goals; retribution, rehabilitation, deterrence and incapacitation. Retribution refers to punishment for doingShow MoreRelatedProbation Orientation Meetings And The Criminal Justice Field865 Words   |  4 PagesProbation Orientation Meetings are held on a monthly basis at the District Office as apart to help reentry initiatives. While in an informal setting, a probation officer and the sentencing judge explains the conditions, requirements and answer question. This assist the offender in understanding what is required to successfully complete probation. Probation and Parole is apart of community policing that deals with ethics, integrity, values. This promotes and supports organization strategies to addressRead MoreDefinition Of Adult Probation And Parole953 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"implement the Census of Adult Probation Supervising Agencies (CAPSA), 2014. This will be the first census of its kind in more than 20 years. It will provide current information on the organization and nature of adult probation in the United States† (Community Corrections (Probation and Parole), 2015). Such census would provide valuable information regarding the current state of the community corrections program: probation. As stated before in this research, both probation and parole have imperfections whichRead MoreCorrections : The Controversies Of Offenders901 Words   |  4 PagesCommunity Corrections: The Controversies of Offenders Sentenced to Probation or Parole When the English common law emerged, it declared that the King had the ultimate authority over children, and; thus, children were assets. Throughout centuries, children were considered â€Å"little adults,† and â€Å"property,† consequently, exploitation of children as laborers was a customary occurrence. Families who were in severe poverty saw child labor as a necessity (Davin, 2008). During colonial times, children wereRead MoreJuvenile Corrections Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pages1. What are five goals of juvenile corrections? How effectively are these goals achieved? The goals of juvenile corrections are too deter, rehabilitate and reintegrate, prevent, punish and reattribute, as well as isolate and control youth offenders and offenses. Each different goal comes with its own challenges. The goal of deterrence has its limits; because rules and former sanctions, as well anti-criminal modeling and reinforcement are met with young rebellious minds. Traditional counseling andRead MoreThe Origins Of Juvenile Justice1385 Words   |  6 Pagesorigins of juvenile justice, from the house of refuge to the juvenile programs of today. Ans: In the early nineteenth century, the idea of reforming youth offenders took root in the United States. The House of Refuge in New York, which opened in 1824, was the first juvenile house of reform in the United States. This was the first attempt to house juvenile offenders in a separate facility and other States, like Maryland, would soon follow suit. The idea was not to punish juveniles offenders as adultsRead MoreJuvenile Crime : The Criminal Justice System1031 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1990s, violent juvenile crime rates had reached record high levels throughout the United States. During these years, many Americans considered the criminal justice system too easy on violent juvenile offenders and demanded reform. Many states, including Florida began to focus efforts on juvenile crime. â€Å"Florida’s criminal sentencing laws and punishment policies from 1980 to 2000 reflected an ongoing, focused effort to deter serious crimes† (Taylor). Crimes were given stric ter sentencing guidelinesRead MoreJuvenile Vs Juvenile915 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile v. Adult Corrections Juvenile delinquents use to not face police or a correction system, only the fear and punishment of their families. However, as the juvenile delinquents aged they were faced with harsher punishments, but it was not until the 1800s reformers started looking for ways to teach values and built asylum and training schools. Then the concept of parens patriae occurred to establish the right to intervene in a child’s life when there were issues (Siegel, 2016). The next majorRead MoreThe Goals Of Criminal Sanction1253 Words   |  6 Pagesdeterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. Carried out through incarceration, intermediate sanctions, probation, and death are goals of the criminal sanction. Penal codes differ if the permitted sentences are indeterminate, determinate, or mandatory. Each sentence has an assumption about the criminal sanction. Judges consider discretion in fashioning sentences for factors of the crime, the offenders aggravating circumstances. They sentence peo ple by their attitude, what they did before the court dateRead MoreParole Is The Release Of A Convicted Offender1230 Words   |  5 PagesParole is the release of a convicted offender after he or she has completed a portion of his or her prison sentence (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). Probation is a form of sentence for violating the law, which suspends the convicted offender’s sentence for a period of time and releases the offender back into the community under specific conditions (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). The start of probation can be linked to England’s criminal law. During Henry VIII’s time, harsh sanctions were placed on adultsRead MoreCorrectional Facilities and Environments1166 Words   |  5 Pagesare normally placed on probation rather than being sent to prison. In other cases, convicted criminals who have served their jail terms are usually released on parole. In addition to meeting other requirements, criminals are required to stay out of trouble during parole and probation periods. In order to prevent offenders from committing new offenses; probation, parole, and correctional treatments officers and specialists are involved in supervision of these criminals. Probation officers are involved

Teaching Plan for Diabetes Mellitus - 4129 Words

Teaching Plan for Diabetes Mellitus HOME Who am I? Interesting Articles Helpful Hints Links Publication Guidelines Advertising Info Contacting Me Visit me at work at Lehigh Valley Wellness Center by Louise Diehl, RN, MSN, ND, CCRN, ACNS-BC, NP-C Nurse Practitioner - Owner Doctor of Naturopathy Lehigh Valley Wellness Center Before you begin your teaching plan be sure to define the characteristics of the clinical site and patient population. The teaching plan should be customized to this population. This is a sample teaching plan that you can use and customize to your needs. You may want to design a pre-test and post-test to give your patients would are attending the teaching program. Based on†¦show more content†¦This continued education can take place as needed on a one-on-one basis and can be included with the routine office visit or at a separate time that is convenient for the patient and health care practitioner. The teaching plan can be tailored to the needs of the patients who will be attending the classes. It can be tailored to the patient’s abilities, developmental stage and learning styles. The teaching plan can be a combination of lecture format, handouts, videos, powerpoint presentations, demonstrations and group discussion. The fee charged for the teaching program has to be determined by the person, group or facility offering the teaching program. Many insurances do not reimburse for this type of education. This has to be taken into consideration with the intended audience. Teaching Plan for Diabetes Teaching Plan would include 6 evening or day classes consisting of 2-3 hour sessions of education and group discussion. The topics and discussions would be as follows. Day 1 General overview of Diabetes (2 hours) Day 2 Blood glucose monitoring and goals of blood glucose monitoring (3 hours) Day 3 Medications and Insulin (2 – 3 hours) Day 4 Complications from Diabetes (1 hour) Skin and Foot Care (0.5 hour) Exercise and Diabetes (1.5 hour) Day 5 Diet and Diabetes (2 hours) Coping with Diabetes (1 hour) Day 6 Questions and Answers (1 hour) Review of any concepts requested by patients (1 hour) General Overview of Diabetes Patients withShow MoreRelatedTeaching Plan for Diabetes Mellitus1897 Words   |  8 PagesTeaching Plan for Diabetes Mellitus Teaching Plan for Diabetes Mellitus Bonny York Jacksonville University Nursing 342 October 10 2011 Teaching Plan for Diabetes Mellitus 1 The Identified Learning Need Patients with diabetes have very comprhensive learning needs. The learning needs are focused on managing their glucose levels and preventing complications of diabetes. Learning needsRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Teaching Plan Assignment1258 Words   |  6 PagesPage 1 Florie Ismael VN Student June 1, 2017 Diabetes Mellitus Teaching Plan Assignment Diabetes Mellitus Teaching Plan Glucose Monitoring To maintain an average glucose reading you must maintain a healthy diet. Glucose monitoring must be checked before meals and before snacking on any food items or beverages that consist of carbohydrates. Glucose intake is primarily effected from your carbohydrate intake. To keep blood sugar on target and to Avoid problems with your body blood sugar readingsRead MoreTeaching Plan Diabetes Mellitus5445 Words   |  22 PagesDiabetic Foot Care Teaching Plan for the Home Health Nurse Diabetic Foot Care Teaching Plan According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2011), 25.8 million Americans, 8.3 percent of the population, have diabetes and nearly 27 percent of those 26 million Americans, are undiagnosed. In 2010, the CDC reported nearly 2 million Americans aged 20 years and older were diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetic education is an important part of helping those with diabetes effectively manageRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Disease Affecting Multi Organ System1190 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes mellitus or DM is a disease affecting multi-organ systems due to the abnormal insulin production, improper insulin usage or even both. It is a very serious health problem throughout the world effecting thousands of people.A survey conducted in United States showed that almost 6.2% of the population suffers from this disease. It is a matter of great issue that almost one -third of the population is unaware of the disease. Incidence Diabetes is actually the fifth leading cause of deathsRead MoreDeveloping The Strategy For Children With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1580 Words   |  7 PagesDeveloping the Strategy Every eighth person in the United States suffers from type 2 diabetes mellitus. According to the CDC, as of 2010 there were 26 million patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the U.S. (CDC, 2011). The problem has been increasing despite various proactive and preventive measures developed to reduce its prevalence. In order to promote and ensure compliance, it is important to clearly understand the factors underlying patients’ decisions for noncompliance (Peters, 2012)Read MoreEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1381 Words   |  6 Pages1. Discuss the pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition in which the body has the inability to produce insulin or react normally to insulin. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is extremely complex, as diabetes mellitus is characterized by different types but share common symptoms and complications. Diabetes mellitus is classified in two types: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Although the disease is characterized by different etiologiesRead MoreDevelopment Of Culture Centered Educational Program For Nigerian Immigrants Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesKnowledge and Attitudes Surrounding Diabetes Mellitus Name Affiliation Development of Culture-Centered Educational Program for Nigerian Immigrants to Assess Knowledge and Attitudes Surrounding Diabetes Mellitus Introduction Diabetes Mellitus affects 29.1 million people in the United States of America. According to the center for disease control and prevention (2014), minorities have higher rates of disability and death due to diabetes mellitus. Traditional diabetes educational programs have not provenRead MoreTeaching The Patient With Diabetes Mellitus Type Two869 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching the Patient with Diabetes Mellitus Type Two Introduction Teaching self-care management in today’s society has become a crucial aspect in medical treatment. Providing educational consultation for the patient creates awareness towards progressive overall health. Nurses are an important medium of the interdisciplinary team when patient teaching is involved. The nurse will provide education to the patient and family while under the nurse’s care. In order for teaching to be effective: the nurseRead MoreEssay on Dm Teaching Plan745 Words   |  3 PagesHealth Promotion and Disease Prevention Teaching Plan Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disorder in which blood sugar (glucose) levels are abnormally high because the body does not produce enough insulin to meet its needs (Kishore, 2008). Due to the lack of education, many people with DM are not aware of the fact that it requires lifestyle changes, which happens to be challenging for most. Mrs. C is reported to be 72 - year - old Latin American woman with history of DM for 10 years.Read MoreThe Third Leading Cause Death Of The United States1149 Words   |  5 PagesDid you know diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States? (Fukunaga, 2011). Many are unaware approximately 25.8 million American’s, 8.3% of the population suffer from diabetes. Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM II) is by far the most prevalent and accounts for 90-95 percent of the 25.8 million diabetic patients. The long term complications of DM II make it a devastating disease. It is the leading cause of adult blindness, end-stage kidney disease, and non-traumatic lower limb

To What Extent Did Stalin Establish a Personal Dictatorship in the Years 1929 Free Essays

To what extent did Stalin establish a personal dictatorship in the years 1929-1939? Between 1929 and 1930 Stalin used various ways to establish a personal dictatorship. This allowed Stalin to establish a personal dictatorship in these years. In order to do this Stalin instituted a party purge to silence the opposition of Riutin and his supporters, the assassination of Kirov, executed delegated party congresses, The trial of the twenty-one and general Purges. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Did Stalin Establish a Personal Dictatorship in the Years 1929 or any similar topic only for you Order Now A purge was the systematic elimination of opponents by Stalin, The assassination of Kirov allowed Stalin to use it as an excuse to begin the purges. In 1932, Kirov had helped to defeat Stalin on an important issue concerning Mikhail Riutin, who had circulated a document that was highly critical of Stalin. Stalin was furious and demanded Ruitins execution. However the central committee and the politburo refused to order Ruitins execution, Stalin viewed this as a betrayal. In December 1934, Kirov was murdered by Nikolayev who claimed was working for a secret terror group who wanted to overthrow the soviet government; however Zinoviev and Kamenev were arrested for the conspiracy of Kirov’s Murder. This murder rid Stalin of his most powerful rival, whilst allowing him to imprison two of his old opponents, basically â€Å"two birds with one stone†. The Murder of Kirov allowed Stalin to establish dictatorship because with the death of Kirov, it gave Stalin an excuse to purge and the purges became more systematic and far-reaching. In the spring of 1937, Stalin argued that the conspiracy against the Soviet people was not restricted to the forty or so people involved in the show trials, and so the start of the purges against the party and army began. The effects on the party were dramatic. Between 1934 and 1938, some 330,000 party members were convicted of being enemies of the people. Stalin had never fully trusted the Red Army because the majority of its senior officers had been appointed by his arch rival, Trotsky. For this reason Stalin feared that the military might try to seize power. In June 1937 eight Generals were tired. In the following eighteen months, 34,000 soldiers were purged from the army. This silenced the opposition of Riutin and his supporters. With this Stalin had no problems to establish a personal dictatorship as his opponents would have been in fear to rise up or oppose against Stalin’s ideas. The Trail of the twenty-one in 1938 was the trial of Bukharin, Rykov and their accomplices. The defendants were accused of attempting to overthrow socialism and of the murder of Kirov, Bukharin was personally charged with attempting to assassinate Lenin. Bukharin tried to prove his loyalty to Stalin but failed on several occasions. Bukharin confessed to political responsibility for the crimes of which he was accused, however Bukharin never confessed to trying to assassinate Lenin. All attempts failed and Bukharin was sentenced to death. With the execution of Zinoviev, Kamenev and Bukharin, Stalin had shown that there will be no mercy for those who opposed his power. With the elimination of Bukharin and the right, Stalin had no opposition to prevent him from gaining power. The show trials targeted the previous generation of the Communist Party. The Purges of 1937 wiped out younger members of the party, and dealt with unreliable elements within the army. A general purge of the Russian people kept the country in a state of fear and obedience. This enabled Stalin to establish a personal dictatorship as he eliminated any future rivals and kept Russia in a state of fear to prevent uprising. To conclude Stalin used various ways to establish personal dictatorship between 1929 – 1939. The Murder of Kirov allowed him to begin the purges as an excuse which allowed him to suppress his opponents. With the assasination of Kirov, Stalin was free of his rival and was able to lock away Zinoviev and Kamenev; however this was only the start to which he established a personal dictatorship. The main reason I believe that allowed him to establish a personal dictatorship was the trial of twenty one. This trial rid of him his rivals and allowed him to eliminate the right. The trail gave him power and sent fear into anyone who tried to oppose him. How to cite To What Extent Did Stalin Establish a Personal Dictatorship in the Years 1929, Papers

Dumbing Down Of Statutory Interpretation †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Dumbing Down Of Statutory Interpretation? Answer: Introducation During the last few years the high court of Australia has endorsed without any dispute a few principles which are required to properly give meaning to legislation. Among such principles the most important is that in case the law which is applicable is expressly provided in the legislation the appropriate point to start the analysis of the law is the text of the legislation and not any common law or elaborations of the provisions by courts. In addition it has been provided by the court that for the purpose of giving meaning and bringing out the intention of the parliament in relation to a provision it would not be a correct steps towards only considering status dirty words separately. For the purpose of adopting a proper approach the meaning of the words in relation to the legislation have to be analyzed based on the fact that how search words appear in the context of the legislation. Therefore at the very least the judges must examine the total sentence along with the paragraphs and more appropriately the provisions immediately surrounding the rule for the purpose of properly giving meaning to the words of legislation[1]. In the famous case of Carr v The State of Western Australia[2] the courts not only considered the text or the legislation but also the purpose at the overall context where the text fits in the registration. This approach by the court leads to an appropriate interpretation of the legislation[3]. The judge has a fundamentally textual task of interpretative constitutional statutory of subordinate legislation. Judge should not stay very far from the text show the consideration of policy or context. The fundamental for the financial task on the task of a citizen or a lawyer with respect to the interpretation of legislation is the text. Constitutional Foundation exists in relation to the text obedience. Therefore at most relevance should be given to the text to provide meaning to the statue[4]. As per the traditional approach there are three basic rules of statutory interpretation which are divided into Golden Rule, Literal Rule and Mischief Rule. According to the interpretation act 1979 section 6A provision of an Act has to be constructed with respect to purpose of the Act and must not be exceed the powers which have been provided by the act[5]. According to the Literal rule of interpretation the words and phrases of a legislation is to be given the ordinary or dictionary meaning to bring out the intention of the parliament. According to the golden rule of Interpretation unless there is ambiguity the natural and ordinary meaning is given to statue. According to the Mischief Rule of statutory Interpretation, giving meaning to ambiguous phrase or word with respect to the legislation is done by giving relevance to the defect or mischief which the provisions seeks to rectify[6] The objective of the Act is to prevent dangerous and offensive behavior by unit and apartment residents. The Act through section 2 provides that a resident is a person who owns leases or is in-charge or the apartment. Further a business activity is defined as any action in relation to operating a commercial enterprise or activities related to customers. Section 3 of the Act states that a resident must not indulge in an action which causes offensive odors, undue noise or any annoyance to the other residents of the apartment after 10pm and before 6am and the breach of the section attracts a penalty of $400. Section 4 of the Act states that a resident should not conduct a business activity in relation to an apartment at any time, breach of the section results in a penalty of $2400. Application In this given scenario the new legislation has been brought to promote harmony between the residences along with their well being as the density of people residing in the area has increased over the last 5 years. The Act defines commercial activities as any activity which is related to customers what is in the course of business. It is specifically provided by the act that no person at any time living in the apartment is allowed to carry on a business activity. In relation to Section 4 it can be said that the words defining a business activity is not clear and ambiguous and thus the golden rule of interpretation can be used in this case. In this case it can be provided that the Legislature would not consider teaching as a commercial activity as in the society it is most of the time is a community development activity. Using the golden rule it can be stated that Kate was only teaching and having a discussion with Karam and therefore it should not be treated as a commercial activity given that the purpose of the act is to promote harmony and not unnecessary punishment for the residents. The act clearly provides that the residents must not cause undue orders after 10 p.m. before 6 A.M which would annoy The Other Apartment residence. The meaning of what can be regarded as undue has not been provided by the Act. In the given situation smoking cannot be regarded as undue odours because the smell generated from it is not so harsh that it would annoy resident living in another apartment. In addition the police only found the Astra which was overflowing but there was no proof that they have smoke all the cigarettes after 10 pm to cause the inconvenience claimed by the other resident. Conclusion Therefore considering the text, purpose and the position of the text in the context of the legislation it can be provided that Kate and Karam is not liable to be prosecuted under section 3 and 4 of the Act. References Brodie v Singleton Shire Council (2001) 206 CLR 512 Carr v The State of Western Australia [2007] HCA 47 Kelly v The Queen (2004) 218 CLR 216 Kirby M, Statutory Interpretation: The Meaning of Management [2011] Melbourne University Law Review 3; (2011) 35(1) Melbourne University Law Review 113 Nygh P and Butt P, Butterworths Concise Australian Legal Dictionary (Butterworths, 6th ed, 2011). Staszewski, Glen. "The Dumbing Down of Statutory Interpretation." (2015) [1] Kirby M, Statutory Interpretation: The Meaning of Meaning [2011] Melbourne University Law Review 3; (2011) 35(1) Melbourne University Law Review 113 [2] [2007] HCA 47 [3] Kelly v The Queen (2004) 218 CLR 216 [4] Brodie v Singleton Shire Council (2001) 206 marketing 512 [5] Staszewski, Glen. "The Dumbing Down of Statutory Interpretation." (2015). [6] Nygh P and Butt P, Butterworths Concise Australian Legal Dictionary (Butterworths, 6th ed, 2011).

You#39d Prefer An Astronaut free essay sample

Hum-Youd Prefer an AstronautMany rock bands released short-lived masterpieces in the ?s. One album I have always enjoyed and believe should have gone gold is, Youd Prefer an Astronaut, by Hum. It had the hit song Stars but only sold around 200,000 copies.Hums sound has fallen into the spacerock category even though the members thought it was a mistake. Astronaut was their debut album on the major record label RCA. The company signed Hum for their rock style. They were not just another alternative band hoping to get on the mainstream bandwagon. They wanted to give the world a taste of their influences all mixed together.In the nine songs, the guitars are loud and heavy. When not noisy, they are soft, sad and moving, as in The Very Old Man and Songs of Farewell and Departure. Overall, the songs are melodic as they take you to another world with Why I Like the Robins and Id Like Your Hair Long. We will write a custom essay sample on You#39d Prefer An Astronaut or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their guitars are under the influence of flanger, phaser, and distortion pedals and together they make the most beautiful noise. The sci-fi lyrics are meaningless and there are no hidden messages in the artwork of the cover (a zebra with a plain green background).I recommend this record to anyone who likes to hear new and interesting sounds. The songs get you going and none sound alike. Even though this album came out in ?, its always good to flash back and listen to how much rock has branched out and mixed with other categories of music. .

A In Depth Look At Malware, Spy-Ware, and Ad-Ware

A In Depth Look At Malware, Spy-Ware, and Ad-Ware This paper is designed to educate the reader on malware, spy-ware, and ad-ware. This paper will provide a definition and have specific examples of these three. This paper will also go in detail how each of them work and how to prevent and control them. If you think you know everything about the programs that run on a computer. Think again!Has a computer froze constantly? How about programs taking long periods of time to respond? Pop-ups constantly showing up or new unusual toolbars on a browser window? If so, these may be caused from malicious malware, spy-ware or ad-ware.First we will look at malware. From a historical perspective, malware started out slowly and rather gently. Different types of malware each have a different definition, but serve the same purpose; to use resources and to slow down the computer. Malware is any form of malicious software or unwanted source code that can run normally without the knowledge and permission of the user, causing unexpected results.Screensho t of ClamTk 3.08 running on Ubuntu 8.04 H...That of which could be system outages, performance problems or opening a back door for hackers.The most common malware is the virus. A virus is usually a computer program hidden within another seemingly harmless program that produces copies of itself and inserts them into other programs or files that performs a malicious action.Viruses fall into six main classes. The first is macro viruses. Over 75% of today's viruses are Macro Viruses. It is a type of computer virus that is encoded as a macro embedded in a document, not a program. Once a macro virus gets onto a machine, it can embed itself in all future documents that are created with an application.Second virus is the boot sector virus. It infects the boot sector or partition table of a disk.

Principles of Financial Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Principles of Financial Management - Assignment Example Funds for business operations can be obtained from two sources, these include: internal as well as external sources. Internal sources of finance refer to funds raised from competencies and resources within the organization, for example: sale of fixed assets and money saved from the total earnings. External sources of finances refer to those sources that are located out of the business vicinity, in the environment in which the business is operating (Bendrey, 2001, p.16). For example: sale of shares to other investors, bank loans, overdraft and investments from the investment world. Several benefits are associated with both kinds of financing methods. External financing sources such as sale of shares is one of the most fastest method for raising capital and gaining huge amount of money in a very short period of time. Money raised through sale of shares does not need to be returned and no interest needs to be paid. On the other hand, funds raised through internal sources allow the organization to continue controlling the organization and is not associated with payment of interest. If loan is obtained from banks, organizations can gain access to heavy amount of funds which can be repaid over a long period of time and company does not losses its say on the operations. These sources of finance have disadvantages associated with them, in case of sale of shares, owners of the company loose control and shareholders even participate in decision making process (Cottrell, 1980, p.248). If an organization borrows loan from a bank, it has a duty to not only repay the loan amount, it even has to pay the interest levied on the loan amount which might become difficult to repay if the organization fails to generate revenue. The money raised through internal sources are quite limited are required for day to day financing purposes. If money raised through internal sources is used up, the company might suffer from

The Concept of Sustainable Development Assignment

The Concept of Sustainable Development - Assignment Example This paper will evaluate the statement â€Å"the concept of sustainable development has not changed since The Brundtland Report†. The Brundtland Report is a culmination of a ‘900 day’ international work and it was jointly prepared by senior government representatives, scientists, research centers, senior NGO representatives, industrialists, and the general public. The Report had three major aims. First was to review the critical environmental issues and to develop innovative and realistic responsive measures to address the issues. The second aim was to improve the international cooperation on ensuring long-term environmental sustainability by driving new policy formations and existing policy amendments. The Third objective was to increase the level of environmental safety awareness among businesses, governments, and the general public. â€Å"The Commission focused its attention on the areas of population, food security, the loss of species and genetic resources, energy, industry, and human settlements – realizing that all of these are connected and cannot be treated in isolation one from an other† (1987:27) (Brundtland Commission: Brundtland Report, n.d.). Hence the Commission tried to coordinate and integrate international efforts for curbing various forms of environmental issues. The term sustainable development was coined by the Brundtland Commission. The Commission defines the concept of sustainable development as the â€Å"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (General Assembly). Before the introduction of the term sustainable development, this concept had three constituent parts including economic sustainability, socio-political sustainability, and environmental sustainability (Social-Political Sustainability: The Human Element, n.d.). Since the term sustainable development promotes economic, socio-political, and environmental sustainability.

Multi Sector Collaborative Project Research Proposal

Multi Sector Collaborative Project - Research Proposal Example This portion of the project introduces the topic. The topic a very brief explanation regarding it should be given in this portion. The topic chosen for study is "to study the effects of the usage of Methamphetamines in Spokane." Excessive usage of Meth by the people is one of the major issues that Spokane has been facing in the recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effects that are created by this drug on the social setup of Spokane and the methods to curb the further spreading of this deadly habit among the people. This portion is the introduction of the project. The project and its purpose are to be explained in detail in this portion. An introduction regarding what Methamphetamine is and what influence it had on Spokane is to be enumerated in this portion. Meth is a drug that speeds up the activities of the brain. This drug is normally in the form of powder. It is also available in pills and crystal forms. This drug is mostly used by the youth. This drug affects the central nervous system very badly. Excessive usage of this drug is harmful for human being as it causes many diseases including diseases that are related to the cardiac system. It will also result in higher body temperature. People use this drug through many ways. Smoking, swallowing, inhaling and injecting are some of the methods through which people take in this drug. This drug is used by some others to reduce weight or to boost up their performance. That is usage of this drug will accelerate the working of heart and brain. As a result of which blood flow increases in the body. It is found that excessive usage of this drug has even resulted in death. Hypothesis A hypothesis is any argument made by the researcher that he intends to prove by the results of his study. The hypothesis of this project can be any statement that shows that usage of Meth is harmful. The hypothesis here is "excessive usage of Meth will harm the social setup of Spokane and will also harm the future generations of the society" Objectives of the study This is one of the important components of any project. The objective of the study is the intention of the researcher behind doing a project. The research or project should be carried on by adopting the objectives as the base. The objectives of this project are as follows: To study the impact of excessive usage of meth on the social setup of Spokane. To analyze the impact of court order on the mindset of Meth addicts. Main body Main body of the work is where all the information regarding then topic and all the literature required for conducting the study is listed. In this portion the researcher should gather detailed information regarding the components of the topic of study. The main objective of this project is to analyze the impact of the usage of Meth. The project is being studied on the basis of prevention program that is conducted for many meth addicts of the region. The people who are considered here for prevention program are persons who are charged with drug related offences. The results of the project are based on the prevention program and the additional information gathered from various secondary sources. Spokane is a city located near to Washington. This city is located along the Spokane River. This city is also called Lilac City. Spokane is the second largest populated city in Washington. The

Adaptive Input And Output Devices

Adaptive Input And Output Devices Technology has been advancing and developing rapidly in the current era. The current era, also known as the information era, have involved in workers in the creation, distribution and the use of information. However, an adaptive and assistive device is also being invented to aid the disabled in using the computer. An assistive device can allow disabled people to accomplish daily living tasks, work, and education or recreation activities. It helps them enhance their quality of life and achieve greater independence. Assistive Technology devices can also improve physical and mental functioning, overcome a disorder and impairment, and strengthen a mental or physical weakness, aid people in improving their capacity to learn or even replace a missing limb. 2.0 Adaptive input and output devices An adaptive device is a structure, instrument or equipment which makes life easier for people who has a disability physically or mentally. It is a product which helps people who is not able to use regular version of products. It is invented for people with physical disabilities such as limitation to vision, hearing or mobility. Adaptive technology helps with greater effectiveness for people with functional limits or incapacities by allowing them to complete tasks that they were not able or had great difficulty to complete. Adaptive Technology also provides different methods of interacting with or enhancements in communication to the disabled. The personal computer (PC) can be the support of independence for lots of individuals with physical, sensory and learning disabilities. Many individuals with disabilities face several problems in terms of computer input, or using a computer for reading documentation on the monitor and interpreting output. For the disabled, the keyboard, mouse and monitor are the prime concern so adaptive and assistive software and hardware have been invented to provide assistants. Screen reader programs are created to allow a totally blind person to use the computer. These programs convert texts and icons into dialogue so one is able use a computer without the need to look at the monitor. PC access and accessible computer equipment aids can make computer users easier to use word processing programs, send e-mail, and surf the internet, but also able to aid non-computer users to handle many non-computer tasks. System which aids individuals who are not independent in verbal communication is known as an augmentative communication system. This system can include speech, sign language, gestures, synthesized speech, symbols, dedicated communication aids or microcomputers. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) There are many types of devices which are available to aid the disabled people. They are optical character recognition (OCR), screen readers, trackball and head wand or head stick. An Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is a software system which is used to scan printed or handwritten materials at electronic speed by simply scanning the form directly into the computer. OCR is able to scan word characters images through the scanner and then recognition engine of the OCR system interpret the images and turn images of printed or handwritten word into ASCII (America Standard Code for Information Interchange) data. This device allows users to automate data captured from forms, eliminate keystrokes quickly to reduce data entry costs and still maintain the high level of accuracy required in forms processing applications. The Many Facets of OCR The process of the OCR devices work The Optical Character Recognition device replaces the monitor to aid the visual-impaired person. Â  It has the ability to scan printed text or document and then speak it back in synthetic speech to the users or save it to a computer. Screen Reader The screen readers are software programs which provide speech or Braille output. It allows a visually impaired person to read text or words on the computer screen and identify icons on the Desktop or buttons which is graphic like on a toolbar. The user receives info from the computers sound card or the speech synthesizer.Screen readers are commonly employed by person who is blind or visually impaired. Screen reader also allows the user to navigate the computer using the keyboard instead of the mouse. Keyboard commands which are used by blind person are mostly the same commands a normal person can use on their computer. A special keyboard commands which provided by the screen reader is also used by blind persons. Besides listening to the information read by the screen reader, some people prefer using a refreshable Braille display. A Braille display is different from the computer screen. The Braille display is usually located close or below the keyboard. The screen reader sends information on the screen to the Braille display. Then, the user put his fingers on the display and read the information in Braille as it appears on the Braille display. Braille displays for useful to people who are deaf and blind and people who work on a job which involve them to speak to clients on the phone or in a place which require people to remain silent like a library. A screen reader uses text to speech synthesizer to send information out about what is displaying on the screen as it is a memory resident program. Currently, system hooks is use to gain access to keyboard input, menu and dialog box messages on most Windows screen readers. The screen reader replaces the monitor as it is used by the blind people. A computer can be used without the use of the monitor with screen reader software that allows the screen display available as synthesized speech. Blind people usually use a screen reader to replace the monitor. Foot mouse A foot mouse is a computer mouse which is used by a person who has physical disabilities with high-back, neck, limited or no use in their upper arms. The foot mouse can be used to control the cursor through the computer software program to select text, icon and other item in the same way as a normal hand mouse. Using a foot mouse can be slower, because most people have less accurate control movements with their legs and feet compare with their hands. Most foot mice have two segments. One segment is used to control the cursor, while the other segment is used for mouse click or to select shortcuts. Most foot mice also have straps to help to sustain the device in position on the foot during use. http://www.disabled-world.com/artman/uploads/footmouse.jpg Foot mouse with programmable pedal The pedal on the foot mouse with two-level design avoid user from stepping on the incorrect button. These buttons do not only function the same as the hand mouse clicks, it also allow people to program their own customize shortcuts. In addition to people with arm, shoulder or hand difficulties such as stroke, arthritis or amputation, the foot mouse is also suitable for people with carpal tunnel syndrome. The traditional hand mouse can be replaced with foot mouse which allows user to operate the device by foot. It is an input device which is two-part with one foot navigating the cursor while the other controlling the mouse clicks and shortcuts. The cursor controller is just the same as a regular hand mouse. Refreshable Braille Display Reading an electronic document using hands instead of eyes may be almost impossible for most people. However, it is possible for this to be done by using a Braille Display. A Braille display is a device that allows users to read text displayed on the computer screen. With this device, a person who is blind is able to navigate through the computers desktop, edit and create documents or browse the internet. Braille Display is also known as Braille Terminal. Usually, Braille display does not require to install a driver for it to function properly as there arent many types of Braille display and screen readers is able to support most of this device. Once the device is enabled, the Braille Display will obtain the text that is currently highlighted on the display, the screen reader will then translate the text from the computer screen in Braille and the Braille Display will display the translated text on its built-in Braille cells. The Braille Displays use nylon pins or metal to make each cell of Braille dots on the device. Braille display is refreshable, this means when the user navigate to a specific line of text, the device shows the texts Braille corresponding and when the user navigates to another line, the device will automatically display the new text in the new line in Braille. Usually there are eight dots in each cell on a Braille Display. The six dots are for normal character of Braille while the two dots at the bottom are usually for denoting the cursor or highlighting texts. http://www.atarizona.com/media/BVI/BVIbraille7.jpg Braille display which is placed under the keyboard. The monitor can be replaced with Braille Display as monitors cannot be used or see by blind person. Braille Display can be a good assistive device for the blind people as this output device allows the user to read what is being display on the screen. Eye gaze pointing device The eye gaze pointing device is an input device which can be used by people who are unable to use a normal hand or foot mouse, keyboard or a remote control. This device is mounted onto the computer and it is set focus on the users eye. This device consist of a camera which constantly scans one of the users eye and a sofware which analyses the picture taken by the camera to determine which part on the screen the user is looking at. Users are require to sit in front of the eye gaze pointing device with a specialized video camara mounted at the screen or monitor which observes one of the users eyes. Then the software which works together with the device will continually analyzes the image of the eye from the camera and determine where the user is looking on the screen. By looking at the keys or icon which are displayed on the screen. To make a selection with the eye gaze, the user stare or blink at the certain button, icon or other object on the screen which is equivalent to clicking it using a mouse. The mouse and keyboard replace with the eye gaze pointing device. Eye gaze pointing device is suitable for people who are unable to use a normal mouse or keyboard with the their hands. Braille Embosser A Braille Embosser is an impact printer which translate text as Braille. This device makes Braille production more efficient and cost effective as it employs a special translation software to print a printed document. Blind users normally call traditional printers as ink printers to differentiate them from their Braille counterpart. Like ink printers, braille embossers also have all shape and size and are used by personal computer users to large organisations which requires fast, high-volume embossing capabilities. Braille Embosser usually works like a printer. However, instead of printing a text document, this device prints Braille text. Braille Embossers usually requires a special braille paper which is thicker and more costly compare to a normal paper. Some embossers which are high-end are capable of printing on normal paper. Braille Embossers can be one-sided or two sided which can determine the speed of embossing characters per second. The computer monitor can be replaced with this Braille Embosser for the blind people. This is because by using this output device, it allows a blind person to be able to read what is being display from the computer. However, the cost may be expensive. Â  3.0 Green Computing Green Computing refers to environmentally sustainable computing. It describes the use of resources in computing efficiently. It is related to the study, manufacturing, design, use and disposal of computers or other related products or devices such as monitors, printers, servers and network systems among others. The motive of green computing is similar to green chemistry. Green computing is practise to reduce the environmental impact of computing industry. Green computing has become very important as the impact of greenhouse gas production has on global warming and climate change. A number of manufacturers have begun improving the performance in environmental of their organisation, services and products in an effort to reduce their environmental footmark. Computers and their peripheral devices use a considerable amount of power and contain hazardous materials. However, it is easy to reduce the environment impact. There are many ways which can make a computer more eco-friendly and minimize the environmental impact. Use the power management settings whether it is under hibernation, sleep or standby mode. A computer has power management settings which enable it to sleep or standby automatically after certain period of inactivity. It is easy to enable these options through the control panel and can save up on electricity bill. Also disable the screensavers as running it can increase energy consumption as it may stop the monitor from being in standby when idle. By disabling a screensaver, the monitor can be switched off without wasting any electricity. Computer manufacturers are also practicing in minimizing the environmental impact by developing greener computers. Computer manufacturers like HP is practising few steps to green computing, they are developing a sustainable green computing plan which includes recycling policies, recommendations for disposal of used peripheral. Discard unwanted device in an environmental responsible way. Computers have pollutants that can release harmful substance into the environment. Never throw away computers to the landfill. Contribute working computers to a non-profit agency. This manufacturer also reduces paper consumption as there are many easy ways to do so. Computer manufacturers like ASUS also doing something to develop greener computer to minimize environmental impact. The Green ASUS philosophy comes in because the manufacturer believes in applying an eco-friendly way towards every aspect of their business. This manufacturer produced the worlds first motherboard which is lead-free and halogen-free and the first full-HD monitor which is halogen-free. It is the first notebook manufacturer to receive the EU Flower Eco certificates and EPD and the first among other computer manufacturers to obtain the Japan Eco Mark. ASUS was being known at the 2011 ENERGY STAR Award Ceremony for its Energy Efficient Product Design. ASUS technologies are constantly being developed and improved with the main objective of environmental preservation. This manufacturer design products that are easy to recycle, reuse and disassemble and greener manufacturing processes which are halogen-free and lead-free. 4.0 Conclusion Adaptive and assistive devices are very important for disabled people to use computer efficiently and productively despite the cost of the device. These technologies have made people around the globe to use the computer productively. Green computer is very important for computer manufacturers, users and organisation to be aware as protecting and minimizing environmental impact can prevent from global warming and also able to save cost from electricity.

The Turning Point of World War II - The Battle of Midway Essay example

World War II, along with its numerous battles, brought great tension between two of the strongest countries during the 1940s: the United States and Japan. Conflict between these two countries started with Japan’s push past Chinese borders into Manchuria in search of the natural resources Japan lacks. At first, the United States avoided military action with Japan by waging economic warfare on them. This economic pressure included the passing of the Neutrality Act, which prohibited the sale of weapons to nations at war (Nash 513). Additionally, the United States placed oil embargoes on Japan hoping it would force Japan to shut down military operations in China. Japan, at a critical decision point, decided to bomb the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. On December 7th, 1941 at 6 a.m., Japan pilots bombed the naval base at Pearl Harbor, taking out the United States’ strongest battleships, killing thousands of people, and destroying hundreds of planes (Sherman). The day a fter Pearl Harbor, the United States declared war on Japan. Over the next few years, the United States and Japan fought fierce battles for dominance in the Pacific Ocean. One of the most important battles during the United States and Japanese war was the Battle of Midway. Japan was destroying the United States at sea, until the Battle of Midway gave the United States Pacific Fleet an edge on Japanese forces. The Battle of Midway was the most important naval engagement of World War II: it was a decisive battle that allowed the United States to be the dominant naval power in the Pacific and it marked a turning point in World War II for the United States. The motive for Japan’s plan to attack Midway Island was to claim dominant power over the Pacific Ocean and to... ...ary B. American Odyssey: The United States in the 20th Century. New York, 2002. 513. Print Newark, Timothy. Turning the Tide of War: 50 Battles That Changed the Course of Modern History. London: Hamlyn, 2001. 112-15. Print. Nicholas, Walter. Interviewed by Lewis G. Schmidt. Interview with Walter Nicholas. 10 October 1989. Web. 14 March 2014. â€Å"Now It’s the Japanese Who Will ‘Remember Pearl Harbor’.† Daily Boston Globe 7 June 1942: D1 ProQuest. Web. 13 March 2014. â€Å"Pacific Situation Declared Eased by Battle of Midway.† Los Angeles Times 10 June 1942: 2 ProQuest. Web. 13 March 2014. Sherman, Frederick â€Å"Sherman Tells Inside Story of Midway Battle.† Historical Newspaper. ProQuest Historical Newspaper. ICONN. Web. 17 March 2014. Symonds, Craig. â€Å"Mitscher and the Mystery of Midway.† June 2012: 46. History Reference Center. EBSCOhost. Web. 18 March 2014.